Immunology and Immunotherapy

Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy

Cellular immunity depends mainly on the power of DCs to require up and process antigens within the peripheral blood and tissues. In cancer, this process isn't robust enough to supply meaningful antitumor responses. Monoclonal antibodies are proteins produced by B-cells that bind to a selected antigen. they're currently one among the foremost successful sorts of cancer immunotherapy. we should always differentiate between monoclonal antibody-based cancer therapy and monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy of cancer. this will be illustrated by the differences in their mechanisms of action. Anti-neoplastic agents like bevacizumab block ligand–receptor interaction, thereby affecting growth or survival pathways, where monoclonal antibodies like rituximab cause antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Antibodies also are getting used to reinforce the strength of the immune reaction. As mentioned earlier, activated T-cells and tumour cells express CTLA4 receptors as an immune-suppressive mechanism to guard against autoimmunity and to flee elimination. Antagonism of those receptors has shown antitumor benefit. for instance, ipilimumab inhibits the receptor CTLA4, permitting persistent T-cell activation. Similarly, PD1 is expressed on activated T- and B-cells and when sure to by PD1 ligand they become deactivated (10-12). Tumour cells tend to overexpress PD1 ligands, allowing them to deactivate this response.

• Cell-based immunotherapy of cancer
• Antibody-based immunotherapy of cancer
• Cytokine-based immunotherapy of cancer
• Anti CTLA4
• Anti-PD1
• Hodgkin's lymphoma